http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/73 Wed, 08 Apr 2026 19:02:39 GMT 2026-04-08T19:02:39Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1979 EFFECTS OF STRUCTURED AND UNSTRUCTURED PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON BIOCHEMICAL INDICES, DISEASES RISK SCORES AND COST OF CARE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE ADULTS ALIYU, Emmanuel Samuel Overweight and obesity are global problems associated with a myriad of non-communicable diseases. Physical Activity (PA) is known to have positive effects on some Biochemical Indices (BI) of overweight and obese adults. However, studies comparing the effects of structured and unstructured PAs on BI, Disease Risk Scores (DRS) and Cost of Care (CoC) of overweight and obese adults in Nigeria are sparse. This study was conducted to compare the effects of structured and unstructured PA on BI, DRS and CoC of overweight and obese adults. Forty-nine overweight and obese adults participated in a12-week randomised clinical trial. They were recruited from Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja; and randomly assigned into Structured PA Group [SPAG] (n=25) and Unstructured PA Group [UPAG] (n=24). Intervention consisted of thrice a week flexibility, resistance and aerobic exercises using the Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group’s protocol for SPAG. Participants in UPAG underwent daily self-paced walking activity monitored with a pedometer. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL, mmol/L), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL, mmol/L), Total Cholesterol (TC, mmol/L), Triglycerides (mmol/L), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG, mmol/L), Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c, %), Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST, IU/L) and Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT, IU/L); DRS [Framingham Risk Scores (FRS) for cardiovascular disease, Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores (FINDRISC) for diabetes, Hypertension Risk Score (HRS) for hypertension] and cost of obesity for CoC (₦) were measured at baseline, 6th (except HbA1c) and 12th week using standard procedures, instruments and outcome measures. Data were analysed using Repeated Measure ANOVA, paired sample t-test and independent t-test at α0.05. Participants in SPAG (43.48±6.85 years) and UPAG (44.88±7.54 years) were comparable in age. Baseline variables of SPAG and UPAG for BI [HDL=1.13;1.23, LDL=4.28;3.74, TC=5.11;5.05, Triglyceride=1.54;1.54, FBG=6.80;6.60, HbA1c=4.7;4.9, AST=11.04;11.46, ALT=8.00;7.75], DRS [FRS=8.12;8.04, FINDRISC=13.16;14.00, HRS=12.20;12.08] and CoC=135,200.00;179,266.67, respectively, were also comparable. At the 12th week, all the BI were not significantly different from the baseline in the two groups except HDL (1.13±0.31,1.24±0.29; 1.23±0.35,1.41±0.28), which increased significantly in both groups and AST (11.04±1.34,9.84±0.94;11.46±1.62,10.67±1.05), which decreased significantly in both groups. All the DRS were not significantly different between SPAG and UPAG at the 12th week. There was a significant reduction in CoC at the 12th week in SPAG (66,822.00±38,822.65) than UPAG (135,712.50 ±75,752.39). Within group comparison for SPAG showed that cardiovascular disease (8.12±3.95; 5.48±3.63), diabetes (13.16±2.34; 7.88±2.73) and hypertension (12.20±3.30; 7.16±2.36) risk scores were significantly reduced at the 12th week. Similarly, within-group comparison for UPAG showed that cardiovascular disease (8.04±3.91; 5.54±3.27), diabetes (14.00±2.21; 9.00±2.86) and hypertension (12.08±3.09; 7.33±2.01) risk scores were significantly reduced across the study periods. The CoC within SPAG at baseline (135,200.00±50,372.48) was significantly reduced (66,822.00±38,822.65) across the study periods, but the reduction in CoC within UPAG was not significant. Structured and unstructured physical activity reduced the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension and impacted positively on selected biochemical indices of overweight and obese adults. However, structured physical activity was superior to unstructured physical activity in reducing the cost of care in overweight and obese adults. Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1979 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1977 EFFECTS OF COMBINED McKENZIE TECHNIQUE AND LUMBAR STABILISATION EXERCISE ON SELECTED PSYCHOSOCIAL AND CLINICAL VARIABLES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH CHRONIC MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN NUDAMAJO, Oluwasegun Sunday Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain (CMLBP) is a major health condition whose management poses a challenge to clinicians. Literature suggests specific therapeutic exercise types to achieve effective management, although the best type of exercise remains controversial. McKenzie Exercise (ME) and Lumbar Stabilisation Exercise (LSE) have been reported to be effective in the management of CMLBP. There is paucity of information on the effectiveness of combined ME and LSE in CMLBP. Given that majority of individuals with CMLBP have recurrent pain resulting in fear-avoidance, investigating the effect of Combined McKenzie and Lumbar Stabilisation Exercises (CMLSE) on fear avoidance beliefs is pivotal. The effects of eight-week CMLSE, ME, and LSE on selected psychosocial and clinical variables of individuals experiencing CMLBP were investigated. Participants in the single-blind 8-week randomised controlled trial were 142 consecutively sampled individuals with CMLBP recruited from LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, UniOsun Teaching Hospital, and State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo. Participants were randomly assigned to ME Group (MEG), LSE Group (LSEG), and CMLSE Group (CMLSEG). The MEG (n=47) received ME for posterior derangement, LSEG (n=47) received LSE, while CMLSEG (n=48) received CMLSE. Age was recorded, weight and height were measured using standard procedures, and BMI was calculated. Pain intensity, functional disability, and fear avoidance beliefs to physical activity and work were assessed using the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, and Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, respectively. Participants were treated twice weekly, assessed at baseline, and at end of fourth and eighth weeks of study. Data were summarised with descriptive statistics, and analysed using ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni post-hoc test at α= 0.05 Participants’ age was 53.00±12.00years. Age, weight, height, and BMI of participant’s in the three groups were comparable. At the end of week four, MEG and LSEG compared to CMLSEG had significantly lower pain scores (28.87±13.73, 26.01±14.79, 37.64±14.58), functional disability scores (14.47±10.62, 15.54±12.36, 22.94±11.76), fear avoidance beliefs to physical activity (10.85±2.08, 11.32±3.79, 13.46±3.16), and work scores (8.02±6.03, 8.98±9.13, 15.02±11.08). At the end of eight week eight, MEG had significantly lower functional disability score (3.04±4.07) than LSEG (6.36±8.40) and CMLSEG (7.57±6.74), and fear avoidance beliefs to work score (0.45±1.02) than LSEG (2.80±6.85), and CMLSEG (3.98±4.39), respectively. At the end of week eight, groups were not significantly different in pain scores (8.80±7.11, 14.13±14.68, 13.19±8.58), and fear avoidance beliefs to physical activity scores (6.70±1.77, 8.53±4.23, 8.67±5.74) for MEG, LSEG, and CMLSEG, respectively. Combined McKenzie and lumbar stabilisation exercises is not effective in producing better treatment outcomes for functional disability and fear avoidance beliefs to work in the management of chronic mechanical low back pain. McKenzie exercise is recommended for effective management of functional disability and fear avoidance beliefs to work in individuals with chronic mechanical low back pain. Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1977 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1975 COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF OVERGROUND WALKING EXERCISE AND COGNITIVE REHABILITATION ON COGNITION, BRAINDERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR, QUALITY OF LIFE AND PARTICIPATION RESTRICTION AMONG STROKE SURVIVORS ABBA, Muhammad Aliyu Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI) is a major cause of disability, dependence on Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Participation Restriction (PR) and poor Quality of Life (QoL). Evidence has shown that the gold standard for PSCI rehabilitation is Cognitive Rehabilitation (CR). Studies have also shown that aerobic exercises with treadmills and bicycle ergometers are effective in the management of PSCI. However, only few studies have examined the effects of Overground Walking Exercise (OWE), which is an inexpensive, accessible and natural form of aerobic exercise. This study was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of an eight-week OWE and Cognitive Rehabilitation (CR) on cognition, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), QoL and PR among stroke survivors. The study design was randomised-controlled trial, which involved 53 stroke survivors with mild-tomoderate cognitive impairments, purposively recruited from three tertiary hospitals in Kano, and randomly assigned into three groups using computer-generated random numbers. The participants received moderate-intensity self-paced OWE, Zoltan protocol CR and combined interventions in the respective groups (OWEG=17, CRG=18 and OWECRG=18). Each group received thrice weekly interventions for eight weeks. About 5 ml venous blood sample was collected aseptically, allowed to clot and centrifuged to harvest the serum sample. Cognition, serum BDNF (ng/ml), QoL and PR were assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire and London Handicap Scale, respectively at baseline, 4th week and 8th week. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Age of participants was 48.42±27.39 years. At baseline, duration since stroke onset was 26.70±27.25 months. The OWEG, CRG and OWECRG were comparable in cognition (18.06±3.60; 19.00±3.90; 19.50±3.85); BDNF levels (13.05±8.27; 13.81±11.04; 9.54±6.46); QoL (191.00±28.85; 202.72±28.83; 197.44±39.83) and PR (12.06±4.02; 10.39±4.24; 10.56±3.31) at baseline. Within-group comparisons at week 4 showed significant improvements in cognition (20.53±2.83; 22.78±3.95; 22.44±3.37); BDNF levels (13.88±8.26; 15.62±12.98; 11.54± 9.17) and QoL (202.24±22.49; 211±21.99; 204.17±41.24) for the OWEG, CRG and OWECRG, respectively. The PR significantly decreased to 9.00±2.45; 9.56±2.73 and 9.44±3.47 at week 4 for the OWEG, CRG and OWECRG, respectively. Similarly, within-group comparisons at week 8 showed significant improvements in cognition (26.24±2.51; 25.22±3.26; 25.17±3.47); BDNF levels (14.69±8.85; 18.13±14.96; 13.35±10.56) and QoL (243.53±17.84; 222.89±18.35; 221.28±25.72) for the OWEG, CRG and OWECRG, respectively. There were significant reductions in PR to 7.24±2.05; 8.39±2.70; 8.39±2.43 at week 8 for the OWEG, CRG and OWECRG, respectively. There was no significant across-group difference in cognition, BDNF levels and PR. The percentage mean changes at week 8 in cognition (45.3%, 32.7%, 30.5%) and PR (40.0%, 19.3%, 20.6%) were highest for the OWEG, while the percentage mean change in BDNF level was highest in the OWECRG (12.6%, 31.3%, 38.3%). There was a significant across-group difference in QoL at week 8, with the best improvement observed in the OWEG. Overground walking exercise, cognitive rehabilitation and a combination of both had comparable positive effects on cognition, level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and participation. However, overground walking exercise resulted in better improvement in participants’ quality of life. Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1975 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/236 EFFECTS OF BASNEF MODEL-BASED PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT EDUCATION PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION AMONG SAWMILL WORKERS IN IBADAN ADEOLUWA, OLUGBENGA JAIYESIMI Sawmill Workers (SW) are exposed to occupational hazards that may impact on their respiratory health. They have been reported to have poor knowledge on occupational hazards, safety measures and practices. The Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model of Health Education had been used to improve workers knowledge, attitude and safety practices in other countries. However, its effects on sawmill workers in Nigeria have not been adequately reported. This study investigated the effects of BASNEF model-based personal protective equipment education programme on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of respiratory protection among sawmill workers in Ibadan. The respiratory health of these workers was also assessed. Four hundred SW recruited consecutively from four randomly selected sawmills in Ibadan metropolis and 400 NSW (controls) participated in the study’s cross-sectional survey phase. The second phase was a two-group quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test study with the sawmills randomly divided into two training and two non-training centres using the fish-bowl method. Forty-five participants each were randomly selected from the training centres (Training Group, TG) and non-training centres (Non-Training Group, NTG). Outcomes assessed were KAP using Personal Protective Equipment Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire (PPE-KAPQ), LFI – forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and FEV1/FVC%) using the Micro Medical spirometer and respiratory health using the Respiratory Health Questionnaire (RHQ). The PPE-KAPQ was administered to both TG and NTG pre and four weeks post-intervention. Knowledge scores were classified as high (13-16), moderate (10-12) or low (00-09), attitude scores as positive (26-32), neutral (19-25) or negative (00-18) and practice scores as good (> 7), fair (3 – 7) or poor (<3). The TG received a 6-session health education intervention utilising the Basic Training Course in Personal Breathing Protection materials using the BASNEF concept. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent and paired t-test, Chi square and Pearson and Spearman correlation at α0.05. The SW and NSW were comparable in age (38.77±11.11 vs 37.35±10.94yrs) and weight (65.82±12.10 vs 65.78±9.55kg) but the NSW were significantly taller (1.69±0.11 vs 1.63±0.08m). The SW had mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores of 65.4±14.4%, 61.6±11.9% and 15.6±22.8% respectively. The TG and NTG pre-training knowledge (62.9±16.0 vs 63.2±14.4%), attitude (60.3±12.8 vs 62.0±12.0%), and practice (15.3±17.9 vs 14.7±16.7%) scores respectively were comparable. The 28.5%, 23.4% and 76.0% improvements in knowledge (62.9±16.0 vs 91.4±3.6%), attitude (60.3±12.8 vs 83.7±8.4%) and practice (15.3 vs 91.3±9.7%) scores respectively for the TG were significantly higher than 2.2%, 0.9% and 2.2% for the NTG. The SW had significantly lower LFI than the NSW – FVC (2.52±0.60L vs 3.35±0.70L), FEV1, (1.73±0.49L vs 2.64±0.60L), FEV1/FVC (0.69±0.10 vs 0.79±0.06), PEFR (270.77±91.02L/min vs 402.43±94.18L/min). Sawmill workers in Ibadan had poorer respiratory health profile than non-sawmill workers. The Belief, Attitude, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors model-based personal protective equipment education programme was effective in improving knowledge, attitude and practice of respiratory protection among the sawmill workers. It is recommended for the training of workers who are exposed to wood dust on occupational hazard and safety practices. Keywords: Wood dust, Occupational hazard, Personal protective equipment, Health education, BASNEF model Word count: 498 Sun, 01 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/236 2017-10-01T00:00:00Z